What are the key differences between open-loop and closed-loop control in robotics?

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What are the key differences between open-loop and closed-loop control in robotics?

Asked on Dec 31, 2025

Answer

Open-loop and closed-loop control systems are fundamental concepts in robotics, each with distinct characteristics and applications. Open-loop control does not use feedback to adjust its actions, making it simpler but less adaptable to changes, while closed-loop control uses feedback to continuously adjust and refine its actions, enhancing accuracy and stability.

Example Concept: Open-loop control systems operate without feedback, executing predefined commands regardless of the outcome, suitable for predictable environments. Closed-loop control systems utilize feedback from sensors to adjust actions in real-time, enabling adaptability to dynamic conditions and improving precision and stability in robotic operations.

Additional Comment:

Open-loop systems are generally easier to design and implement but can be less reliable in unpredictable environments.
Closed-loop systems require more complex design due to the integration of sensors and feedback mechanisms but offer greater control accuracy.
Common closed-loop examples include PID controllers, which adjust motor speeds based on error feedback to maintain desired positions or speeds.

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